The Ultimate Guide to Dental Cavities

Cavities are one of the most common dental issues, affecting people of all ages. While they may start as small areas of decay, untreated cavities can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss. The good news? Cavities are largely preventable with the right habits and dental care.

Whether you’re looking for ways to protect your own smile or safeguard your child’s oral health, this guide will help you take the right steps toward prevention and long-term dental wellness.

What are cavities?

Cavities, also called dental caries or tooth decay, are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of teeth that develop into tiny holes or openings. They form when plaque accumulates on the teeth and produces acids that erode enamel. Over time, the breakdown weakens the tooth, leading to decay and potentially more serious dental issues.

Cavities can develop on any part of a tooth, including the chewing surfaces, between the teeth and even along the gumline.

Symptoms of cavities

Cavities don’t always cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages. As decay progresses, you may notice the following:

• Tooth sensitivity
• Toothache or pain
• Visible holes or pits
• Staining on the tooth surface
• Bad breath or unpleasant taste
• Swelling or gum irritation

Risk factors for cavities

Several behaviors and conditions increase the risk of cavities, including:

• Frequent sugar and carb consumption: Foods and drinks high in sugar or refined carbohydrates fuel bacteria and acid production.
• Poor oral hygiene: Infrequent or improper brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up and attack enamel.
• Dry mouth: Saliva helps wash away food particles and neutralize acids. A lack of saliva, often caused by medications or health conditions, increases cavity risk.
• Consuming acidic food and drinks: Citrus fruits, soda and acidic beverages weaken enamel, making it more vulnerable to decay.
• Receding gums: Gum recession exposes the roots of teeth, making them more susceptible to cavities.

How are cavities diagnosed and treated?

Early detection is key to preventing cavities from worsening and requiring more invasive treatments. At your routine checkup, your dentist will use a combination of visual examination and diagnostic tools to detect cavities. First, they’ll look for visible signs of decay, such as discoloration, holes or surface irregularities. A dental probe helps the dentist check for soft or weakened areas in the enamel, and x-rays may be taken to reveal cavities that aren’t visible to the naked eye, especially those between teeth or beneath existing fillings.

Treatment for cavities depends on their size, location and severity. Common treatments include:

• Fluoride: If a cavity is caught in its very early stages, fluoride treatments (such as gels, varnishes or prescription toothpaste) can help remineralize enamel and stop decay.
• Dental fillings: For moderate cavities, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed, and the area is filled with materials like composite resin, amalgam or porcelain to restore strength and function.
• Dental crowns: If a cavity is large and compromises a significant portion of the tooth, your dentist may place a crown—a custom-made cap that protects and reinforces the tooth.
• Root canal therapy: When decay reaches the tooth’s inner pulp (where nerves and blood vessels are located), a root canal is needed to remove the infected tissue, clean the area and seal the tooth to prevent further damage.
• Tooth extraction: In severe cases where a tooth is extensively damaged and cannot be saved, extraction may be the only option. A replacement via bridge or dental implant may be recommended to restore function and appearance.

How to prevent cavities

Preventing cavities starts while maintaining good oral hygiene and making smart lifestyle choices. By following these simple steps, you can protect your teeth from decay and keep your smile healthy:

• Brush and floss twice a day
• Use mouthwash to strengthen enamel
• Limit sugary and starchy foods to reduce bacteria
• Drink more water to rinse away food particles and neutralize acids
• Eat foods rich in calcium, fiber, and phosphorous to support strong teeth
• Visit the dentist regularly to catch early signs of decay

Cavity prevention for kids

Children are especially prone to cavities due to their developing oral hygiene habits and love for sugary snacks. Help protect their teeth by:

• Starting brushing early
• Encouraging healthy eating
• Teaching good oral hygiene
• Avoiding prolonged bottle feeding
• Asking about fluoride and sealants

Protect Your Smile with Preventive Care

Cavities are common, but they’re easily manageable with the right preventive care and early treatment. Prioritizing good oral hygiene, making smart dietary choices, and scheduling regular dental visits can go a long way in protecting your smile.

Having the right dental insurance makes preventive care even easier. Spirit Dental fully covers three cleanings per year, helping you stay ahead of cavities and other dental issues.